Iran, due to its geographical location, has low rainfall and is considered a dry land. As a result, different regions of the country grapple with drought. The presence of water management systems, such as aqueducts and reservoirs, in most parts of the country, along with a variety of methods for conserving water for irrigation, may contribute to this claim. Considering that drought is an inherent phenomenon in Iran's climate, people have invented and used numerous methods to combat it and store water. The aim of this study is to monitor and evaluate drought in Iran. In order to realize this goal, precipitation data from synoptic, rain gauge, and climatology stations were extracted over a 51-year period, from 1970 to 2020. The results obtained from examining drought occurrences in five ten-year periods reveal that, with the exception of the third decade (1991 to 2000), drought has prevailed in the majority of Iran's regions compared to other decades. On the other hand, in the recent decades leading to 2020, the intensity of drought occurrences, especially in the Middle Zagros, has intensified, which has consistently been among the regions with the highest rainfall in Iran after the Caspian region. This situation can cause concern in Iran, a country where its agricultural production hub is established along the Zagros mountain range. Moreover, the fluctuating behavior of Iran's droughts, with return periods of 2 to 5 years, has complicated the management strategies for these types of hazards. These conditions appear to have created numerous issues in many areas of Iran, particularly in the agricultural sector of the western provinces, due to the lack of conformity with these types of occurrences.

In this study, using monthly, quarterly and annual frequency data of days with thunderstorm of 25 long-term synoptic weather stations during the period 1960-2010 were analyzed. In addition, temporal analysis of thunderstorms was performed using ward's hierarchical cluster analysis the square Euclidean distance and Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. According to the results of cluster analysis, three climate regions with similar trends in the frequency of thunderstorms were identified which included North West and North-central, western and northeastern regions, southern part, the Caspian Sea coastal regions and central and eastern parts of the country. The results of temporal analysis of thunderstorm days in Iran showed that in terms of frequency, monthly occurrence of this phenomenon is mostly in May, April, June and October and transitional seasons of spring and autumn. In contrast, the lowest frequency of thunderstorm days is in August, September and January, and in summer and winter seasons. Moreover, considering the location, in monthly, seasonal and annual intervals, thunderstorms had higher frequency in the North West and West regions than compared to other regions of Iran. The trend of thunderstorms variation also indicates that changes in monthly, seasonal and annual time scales had an upward trend and based on Mann-Kendall test results, they were significantly meaningful.

Introduction: Given the fact that Iran is located in the center of the dryland of earth and is significantly influenced by the deserts of Central Asia and hot dry deserts of Arabia and Africa, is one of the most arid and low rainfall land areas. So is the proper management of water resources is of critical importance. The first step in the proper management of water resources is studying the factors that affected these resources including climate change. In fact climate change is a dynamic process in terms of time and place. …

Journal of “policewoman” is the first academic journal of the Iranian police force which deals with challenges, problems and troubles of policewomen. Investigating developmental trend of policewoman journal can illuminate its scientific nature and development process.The present paper aims at finding out these processes via an analytical – descriptive method whose variables are the following factors: type of essays, authors’ gender, organizational dependence, type of research method, educational background, and the number of published essays. The results show that the journal is interdisciplinary, qualitative research method is used in most essays, contribution of women is more than men.